Optogenetics: Start-Ups Head For The Light

Optogenetics – technology to control neurons with light – has swept through basic neuroscience research. Efforts to commercialize optogenetics are complex, but a spunky group of start-ups plan to develop therapies using the technology.

If flash gathered cash, optogenetics technology would be rolling in dough. The first paper showing that mammalian neurons could be readily engineered to respond to light was reported in 2005. In 2010, Nature Methods named it its method of the year. In 2013, the coveted Brain Prize went to a half-dozen scientists who pioneered the technology. Thousands of basic science labs use optogenetics to control cells with light, and its transformation of research is routinely described as revolutionary.

The standard version of the technique starts with the gene for a light-sensitive protein called an opsin, usually channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2), a version of which makes swimming algae move toward light....

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