One Goal, Four Paths: Comparing COVID-19 Vaccine Pivotal Trial Protocols

Phase III protocols for COVID-19 vaccine candidates from Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson are similar – but definitely not the same.

Microscopic view of Coronavirus, a pathogen that attacks the respiratory tract. Analysis and test, experimentation. Sars. 3d render

The unprecedented coronavirus pandemic resulted in another unprecedented event when the sponsors of the first four COVID-19 vaccine candidates to reach Phase III in the US each made public their trial’s clinical protocol document.

The normally confidential clinical protocols were released amidst rising public concern about the COVID-19 vaccine development process. A comparison of...

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