A publication in the May 25th issue of Science Translational Medicine (STM) suggests that gut microbiota may activate a type of unconventional T cell called MAIT (mucosal-associated invariant T cell) in cancer patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The paper suggests a link between the presence of MAIT cells, as well as another so-called unconventional T cell, and reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a serious complication of allogeneic transplantation.
The paper is part of a growing body of recent literature around MAIT cells, whose functions are not clearly understood...