Ask any group of nephrologists what the biggest problem is in hemodialysis today, and more likely than not they'll say vascular access. Indeed, with an ever-increasing number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis for life support—the number exceeds 300,000 in the US today and is growing by 5-7% a year--national health-care initiatives intent on managing high costs in the face of poor outcomes have begun to spotlight the clinical and economical problems caused by this weakest link in hemodialysis treatment.
In patients without functioning kidneys, dialysis machines that purify blood outside the body draw it out and return it via...